Wednesday, 5 February 2020

Thinking Activity: Unit : 1 Cultural studies

Hello readers!  
  
Here my blog. We are know about  culture. And   culture  always  like traditional  thinking.   I have give some questions.  

Question:1 what is Culture?


 "Culture "  ,derives form of "Cultura" and  " colere" meaning  "to cultivate ". It also meant "to honor" and  " project "  by the 19th century  in Europe  it tastes of the  upper class. Culture is  the mode of producing  meaning  and ideas.  This' mode' is  a  negotiation  over  which  meaning   are  valid. Elite  culture  controls meanings because   it controls the   terms of the  debate.
The arts and other  manifestations of  human  intellectual  achievement  regarded collectively. This  article  is  about  culture  as used in the social sciences  and humanities  of uses  in the  natural sciences.  See ,cell  culture and  Tissue culture. 
 Culture  is an  umbrella  term which  encompasses  the social  behavior  and norms found in   human societies,  as well as the knowledge, beliefs,  arts , laws , customs , capabilities and  habits  of the individuals  in these groups. Humans  acquire  culture  through the  learning  processes  of  acculturation  and  socialization,  which is  shown  by the diversity of cultures  across  society. The word " Culture " itself it so difficult  to pin down, "cultural studies " is hard  to define.  As far  as cultural study is concerned,  it has broader meaning  because  we see from various  perspective than an individual  can  know  what actually it  lays in the meaing . 

Question:2 what is  cultural  studies?

   
   Cultural studies  is a field of  theoretically,  politically,  and empirically  engaged  cultural  analysis that  concentrates  upon the   political  dynamics of  contemporary  culture,   its historical  foundations , defining  traits ,conflicts, and contingencies. Cultural studies  researches  generally  investigate how   cultural  practices  relate  to  wider  systems of  power  associated with  or operating through  social phenomena, such as ideology, class structures , national formations,  ethnicity ,sexaul orientation , gender,  and  generation. 

Cultural  studies  is the  science of  understanding  modern socity, with  an emphasis on politics and power  cultural studies  is  an umbrella term used to  look at a number  of different  subject.
          "Cultural studies  is not  a tightly  coherent   unified  movement with   a fixed  agenda, but         a loosely  coherent  group  of  tendencies, issues,  and  questions. "


Question:3  Four goal  of cultural  studies 

《1》  Cultural studies  transcends the confines of a particular  discipline  such as literary criticism  or history:
  
 Cultural   studies  transcend  the confine of a  particular   discipline  such as  literary  criticism  or history,. Practiced in such   junral as  critical inquiry,   representations , and  boundary2, cultural  involves  scrutinizing    the    cultural  phenomenon  of text . For example  Italian opera, a Latino telenovela, the architectural  styles   of  prisons, body  pircing  and drawing  conclusion  about   the  change  in textual  phenomena  obver time.

Cultural  studies  are not necessarily  about  literature  in the traditional  sense  or  even  about "art". In  their  introduction   to cultural studies  , editors  Lawrence   grossberg nelson, and paula   trencher  emphasize  that the  intellectual  promise   of cultural   studies  lies  in the  attempts  to "   cut  across diverse social  andpolitical interests and address  many of the   struggles  with in the current  sense. " 

Intellectual   works  are not  limited  by thier  own " borders" as  single  texts,  historical  problems or  disciplines,  and the critic's own personal connections  to  what is  being analyzed  Amy  also be  described.  
 Henry  Giroux and  others write in  their  Dalhousie  review  manifesto that   cultural  studies  practitioners  are "  resisting   intellectuals ."

 《2》 Cultural   studies  is   politically  engaged:

  Cultural  critics  see  themeselves  as "  oppositional " , not  only  within  their  own  disciplines  but  to   many  of the  power  structures of the  society  at large. Thet question  inequalities   within  power   structures  and  seek  to  discover models  for  restructuring  relationships among  dominant  and " minority"  or "subalten" discourses. Because  meaning  and individual subjectivity  are culturally  constructed,  thus they   cane be  reconstructed.  Such  a notion , taken to a philosophical extreme, denies the  autonomy of the individual,  whether  an actual  person  or a  character  in literature, a  rebuttal  of the  traditional  humanistic  " Greek  Man"  or "Greek Book" theory , and  a   relocation of  aesthetics  and culture  from the  ideal  realms   of test  and   sensibility  into  the  arena of a  whole  society 's everyday  life  as  it  is  constructed.

 《3》 Cultural studies  denies  the separation  of " high" and "low" or elite  or popular  culture:
 
   Being  a"  cultured"  person  means  acquainted  with" highbrow"  art and    intellectual  pursuits. Cultural critics  work to   transfer   the   term  to include  mass structure  , whether popular,   folk  , or urban. Following   theorists  jean Baudrillard  and  Andeas Huygens, cultural  critics  argue  that  after  World war 2  the distinctions   among,  high , low and  mass culture   collapsed, and  they  cite  other theorists   such as  Pierre  Bordeaux   or  Dick  Hebdige  on how  " good  taste"   often   only  reflects  prevailing  social, economic,  and political  power bases. Drawing  upon  the   ideasof  French  historian   Michael de   Certeau ,cultural  critics  examine " the  practice   of everyday  life," studying  literature as  an anthropologist  would,  as  a phenomenon of  culture ,   including  a culture 's economy
. Rather than  determining   which  are  the " best" works  produced,  cultural  critics   describe  what  is produced  and   how  various   productions  relate  to one  another. They  aim to   reveal   the political,   economic  reasons  why  a  certain    cultural  product   is  more  valued at  certain   times   than  others.  "  The Birth  of  Captain  Jack  sparrow:  An Analysis "  and   " pirates of the  Caribbean :  The  Curse  of  the  Black   Pearl (2003)"  are  some  famous  works  and  movies.

 《4》 Cultural studies  analysis  not only  the  cultural  work, but also  means  of  production:

 Marxist  critics  have   long  recognized  the importance of   such  para  literary  questions   as these :  who  supports  a  given  artist?  A well known  analysis   of literary production  is Janice     Radway' s study  of the  American   romance novel  and  its   readers,   Reading  the  Romance: women, patriarchy  and    popular   literature,  which    demonstrates   the  textual   effects of the   publishing   industry 's  decisions  about books    that  will  minimize   its  financial risks.  Reading  in  America,    edited   by   Cathy  N . Davidson , which   includes    essay   on  literacy   and   gender in   colonial  New  England;  urban  magazine   audiences   in Eighteenth century   New   York city;  the  impact     upon  reading   of techical  innovations  as   cheaper  eyeglasses , electric  lights,  and  trains ; the  Book  of  the  Month Club  ; and  how  writers and   texts   go   through  fluctuations   of popularity and   canonicity.  These  studies   help  us recognize  that literature   does not   occur  in a space   seprate  from  other  concerns  of our  lives.

Question: 4  How is understanding " power" at the center  of cultural  studies?

  About  my opinion on this t video Power  is  most important  in   society.    For example  like democracy   power. So  why democracy  is  important  in society?  In this  video   related political  power. So political power is most important  in society.

Question:  5    Display  your  understanding  of these  topics  with unique example.  You can  also  write  about  the  example  discussed  in the class.

      Cultural studies     related   religious,    nation ,  society,  etc.   So cultural studies   depend  of  many  thinks. Cultural studies  is not production.  Power is  most important in society. And  i  have  cultural studies  connected  with  literature.  We can  see the  many book in literature.  



Thank you....


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