Thinking activity: Hamlet movie screeing

     THINKING ACTIVITY:HAMLET MOVIE  SCREEN 

Hello reader,

        About  my observation  on   this movie "Hamlet."  This task given  by Dr.Dilip  Barad sir.  My  sinor  always  says that,Dr.Dilip Barad sir  is soul of English  Department. This Department part   of  the maharaja Krishnakumarshihaji university,bhavanagar . I am also agree with  my sinor.Dr.Dilip sir  organized  the academic  movie  screeing. This movie  name is "Hamlet." 

☆ few  Introduction   of movie " Hamlet " :

     

 "Hamlet " is a 1996 film  adaptation  of William Shakespeare's play "Hamlet." Adapted  and directed by Kenneth branagh , who also stars as prince  Hamlet. The film  is the first  unabridged  theatrical  film  version of "Hamlet" ,running  just over four hours. The setting is updated to the 19th century, but  its Elizabethan English  remains the same. Blenheim palace is the setting used the exterior grounds of Elsinor castle and interiors were all photographed  at shepperton  studios,  belonged  with the footage shot at  Benheim. Hamlet has been regarded as  one of the best  Shekpeare film adaptations. The film follows the plot of the original  play  and first  adaptation to have the complete  original  text.Hamlet  is the central  character of this  play  and also movie's hero.    "Hamlet"   suggests many ideas.

Some example  like;  madness idea, duel personality, sociology idea,  power of majesty  philosophical  contemplating   side,  believe  in religion, variety of  thinking, smartness, concept of  death theological  idea,  contentce  of caste society, classless society, concept of soul v/a body etc.  I  like one concept  of  this movie. This concept  are soul v/s .   Death   is celebration. Soul is happy. Death is necessary  for that. But people  is  not  understand. 

☆  HAMLET MOVIE COMPARE WETH  HAIDAR :

 When I  watched Hamlet  movie I  feel  that  different. How can it possible  revange?   I am very shocked  when this movie  starting. Beginning  to  ending of this  movie is  good.  When ending  of  this  movie  Hamlet said that,   "The  rest is silence. "  I have compare  with  haidar movie. Image like,

Same situation  like  this movie.  Only  important  give revange. Another  example  like  "Macbeth "  ,  Oedipus.  

  ☆  post - viewing  Tasks:

     This  question   related  this movie " Hamlet ". After  watching  the  movie. Let's see the  question  of Hamlet   movie  screeing. 

Question: 1 

    How to  faithful is the movie  to the original  play?

■ Answer:

         "Hamlet"  Is  a   1996  film  adaptation of William Shakespeare's  play "Hamlet." Adpated and directed by  Kenneth  Branagh, also stars as prince hamlet. This movie  is 100% faithful.  This movie's plot follows  to the original  text.  The film is the first  unabridged  theatrical film  version of  Hamlet.  Running  the just over  four hours.The setting is updated to the 19th century.     Including  the  12th  century. History of Denmark.   Religion, dresses,  etc. Now present  time    you  can see the difference  between  young generations.  Thinking  about science. See the one image,

     How  can this  image  faithful  in movie?This  image  give the  question. And this image  suggest  many ideas. 

Question: 2

After  watching the movie, have your  perception  about play, character or situation changed?

■ Answer :  

Before  I watched  movie  my view about character of Gertrude.she is good  queen  but after watching  the movie  my view  is  suddenly  changed. This movie  suggest duel  personality  of the people.  I  feel  that present situation in 21th century. 

Question:3

      Do you  feel 'aesthetic delight' while watching  the movie? If yes, exactly  when  did it happen?  If no,can you  explain with reason. 

■    Answer:  

 Yes  I feel  that  ' aesthetic delight '  when I watched this  movie some scene  are suggest aesthetic  delight.  

    This image  I saw . And  my first  question  come in mind   what you  suggest  this image? This image suggest of  murder of  Hamlet 'a father.when Horatio and Hamlet talking  about it is not right  that claudius become  king of Denmark.  The Horatio said that  I know  your. father  at the  time the Hamlet see the a ghost . He is following  the ghost  and the said.that " I am spirit of  your  father "  and he said that  how claudius'  is poisoned  my ear . This scene give to the aesthetic delight. 

Question: 4

    Do you  feel 'catharsis ' while or after  watching movie? If yes, exactly when did it happen?  If no, can you  explain with  reason? 

■ Answer:

  Yes,    I  feel that "catharsis " in this movie.  Throughout of the  this  movie I saw the catharsis. Catharsis can be defined  as a cleansing f emotion for the sake of the   audience  as they sympathize with  the main character  ,  also know as the tragic  hero. In Shakespeare's  Hamlet,  catharsis  takes place when Hamlet  engages in a sward fight with  Leatertes and claudius  have  considered against  Hamlet by agreeing to have him drink from a poisonous  cup and  to poison  the blade  another  precaution to  insure  Hamlet's death  in  Act -4 ,scene  -7 In Hamlet  catharsis  is most definitely  present; it is developed the throughi  the play  in Hamlet's  exceptional  suffering  and is  achieved  during  his death. In the last scene. Hamlet  is character  development  play's a  major part in creating catharsis .same situation  like " macbeth " tragedy.

       

Question:5

  Does screeing  of movie  help you  in better  understanding  of the play?

  ■ Answer :

     

   Yes ,   screeing  of movie  help you  in better  understanding of the original play.     This movie's  plot  is following  of the original  text.  Thanks  to directed   Kenneth branagh.  He   give the best movie  adoption.  When   before   I am  not watched movie  so  I am  very  numerous  because some  time  movie is   different . But  I  saw  the  movie  and  I  understand  the  play. 

Question:6

 Was  there  any  particular  scene  or moment in the movie  that you  will cherish lifetime ?

■ Answer:


There are one scene  graveyard conversations  about  skull.

   He said that, the skull of all human  being  is the  same condition  of all the skull is also same that is resolved in to the earth. It is the reality  of  life.   And  I  saw the this movie . This movie  suggest  charish  lifetime. 

Question:7

If  you are director, what changes  would  you  like make in the remaking of movie on Shakespeare's "Hamlet "?

■ Answer:

  

If  I am director, I want  to get   many changes.   I  have  not   punished    my self.  I  have slove to the many problem  of kingdom. I  am  always  struggle for  kingdom.  

Question:8

 In the beginning of the  movie   camera rolls  over the statue of king Hamlet  outside the  similar sequence  where in the  statue  of the king Hamlet  is hammered down  to the to dust.what  sort of symbolism  to you  read un this?( clue:  In book IX of "paradise  Lost " stan reflections on his revenge  motive: 'But what will not  ambition and revenge. Descend  to? Who aspired must down as low,as high soared ,obnoxious,first orlasy ,to  basest things  revenge,at first  thought sweet, Bitter  ere long back on itself recoils."is it not king Hamlet's ambition to avenge his death responsible of the downfall of his kingdom which is symbolically  pictured in  last  scene?)

■Answer: 

      

  

  Starting  to  the movie  I  saw this image  and after ending of this movie  I  saw  again  this image.   This image suggest  many things.   Throughout of the  movie   Hamlet  lots of suffering  but at last he was loss of life same situation  like Macbeth.This play  suggest  revenge. Is not good.

Question:9

While studying the play through  movie  while approach  do you find more applicable to the play? Why? Give reasons  with illustrations .

■  Answer :

  

 Here there are psychological approache  is   more applicable in the movie than the original play because this approach are illustrated  by the director.  Hamlet is the suffers the Oedipus complex.

other like  haidar movie. 

Question:10

  Which  of the above mentioned approaches (In -pre - viewing task.) Appeals  you more than other?why?  Give reason.

■Answer:

 I think that here is Texual approach is more appropriate than the other approach. In the best source. Text always  give the different  idea. Text always  give the original  character.  This Hamlet character suggests  good  ways  for life. 

   Thank you. 

       

Metaphysical poetry: Reflective blog

        Payal chudasama

    ●  student  of English language and  literature. 

        METAPHYSICAL POETRY:REFLECTIVE BLOG

                

 Hello  reader,   

      

      I am here  giving  the three questions  . This question  related  to the  metaphysical poetry.  This task given by Dr.Dilip Barad sir.  Let's  see  the question. 

Question:1 

    Characteristics of metaphysical poetry  with explanations of a few metaphysical poetry written by  John  Donne.  As well as any other metaphysical poetry. 

Answer:

☆ Introduction:

     This term was first used  byDr Johnson,who applied in  to cowley and  Donne. It denotes the work of a group of poets whi cane directly or indirectly  under Donne 'influence.Usually lyrical in nature, their work shows a surprising  blend of passion  and thought; their  poems are full of learned imagery and striking conceits, and ,at their  best , reveal great psychological insight and subtlety of thought development. In this category  are included Crashaw, George Herbert, Vaughan,and Marvell. Their work will be considered in detail later in the chapter. ( This paragraph is  of book" History of  English literature ")

      

 ☆ Definition of Metaphysical Poetry : 

You've probably heard of haikus, lyrical poems and limericks. All of those types of poetry have specific qualities that allow us to group them together. Metaphysical poetry is a little bit different. The poems classified in this group do share common characteristics: they are all highly intellectualized, use rather strange imagery, use frequent paradox and contain extremely complicated thought.

However, metaphysical poetry is not regarded as a genre of poetry. In fact, the main poets of this group didn't read each other's work and didn't know that they were even part of a classification.

Literary critic and poet Samuel Johnson first coined the term 'metaphysical poetry' in his book Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets (1179-1781). In the book, Johnson wrote about a group of 17th-century British poets that included John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Andrew Marvell and Henry Vaughan. He noted how the poets shared many common characteristics, especially ones of wit and elaborate style. (WWW.study. Com.)

 ☆What Does Metaphysical Mean?

The word 'meta' means 'after,' so the literal translation of 'metaphysical' is 'after the physical.' Basically, metaphysics deals with questions that can't be explained by science. It questions the nature of reality in a philosophical way.

Here are some common metaphysical questions:

• Does God exist?
• Is there a difference between the way things appear to us and the way they really are? Essentially, what is the difference between reality and perception?
• Is everything that happens already predetermined? If so, then is free choice non-existent?
• Is consciousness limited to the brain?

Metaphysics can cover a broad range of topics from religious to consciousness; however, all the questions about metaphysics ponder the nature of reality. And of course, there is no one correct answer to any of these questions. Metaphysics is about exploration and philosophy, not about science and math.

 ☆Characteristics   of  metaphysical  poetry:

The group of metaphysical poets that we mentioned earlier is obviously not the only poets or philosophers or writers that deal with metaphysical questions. There are other more specific characteristics that prompted Johnson to place the 17th-century poets together.

Perhaps the most common characteristic is that metaphysical poetry contained large doses of wit. In fact, although the poets were examining serious questions about the existence of God or whether a human could possibly perceive the world, the poets were sure to ponder those questions with humor.

Metaphysical poetry also sought to shock the reader and wake him or her up from his or her normal existence in order to question the unquestionable. The poetry often mixed ordinary speech with paradoxes and puns. The results were strange, comparing unlikely things, such as lovers to a compass or the soul to a drop of dew. These weird comparisons were called conceits.

Metaphysical poetry also explored a few common themes. They all had a religious sentiment. In addition, many of the poems explored the theme of carpe diem (seize the day) and investigated the humanity of life.

One great way to analyze metaphysical poetry is to consider how the poems are about both thought and feeling. Think about it. How could you possibly write a poem about the existence of God if you didn't have some emotional reaction to such an enormous, life-altering question?  (WWW.study.com)

 Dr. Samuel Johnson highlights certain characteristics of the metaphysical poetry.

1. The first characteristic is that all metaphysicals were the men of learning and scholarship by becoming scholarly in the writing of their poems. They wanted to distinguish themselves from the Elizabethan age and so they used difficult language in their poems.
2. 
   
3. 《1》According to Semual Johnson the poetry of Donne and his followers stood a trial of their finger but not a trial of their ears. The meaning is, they were scholars in the writing of poetry but yhere is no music or rhythm in the metaphysical poetry. All the metaphysicals were scholars and they could prove it but they could not prove that they loved music.
4. 
   
5. 《2》Far fetched images and conceits is the most remarkable feature of the metaphysical poetry. Those poets were not happy with the routine images used by the Elizabethans. They wanted to bring new images to distinguish themselves, and so they need their images from different field like biology, science, agriculture and engineering. Sometimes they depended upon geometry also to bring their images. And to use them for the writing of their poems. George Hurbert’s “Pulley” and Marvel’s poem with the best “ to His coy Mistress” are the best examples.
6. One critic Helen.C.White depends the metaphysical poets stating that:

“ It was the demand of time for Donne and his School to write poetry in a different way. Had they presented the theme of love and Christianity in the same manner, just like the Elizabethans, they would have been rejected by the readers. Change was the demand of time and they gave that change in their poetry.”

5. One more critic Helen Gardener mentions that :
6. 
   

“ Donne and his School changed the whole perspective of writing poetry. They wrote poems in a way in which it was not even imagined by others”

What is ‘metaphysical poetry’, and who were the metaphysical poets? The term – which was popularised by Samuel Johnson in the eighteenth century, is often used to describe the work of poets including John Donne, George Herbert, and Andrew Marvell, although Johnson originally applied it to the poetry of Abraham Cowley. Below are some of the best and most illustrative examples of ‘metaphysical poetry’, which highlight the conceits, extended metaphors, wordplay, and paradoxes which many poets associated with the label ‘metaphysical’ embraced and utilised in their work.( Resource)

John Donne :

□  John Donne ' poetry:

 ◇" The Flea" :

 Like many of the best metaphysical poems, ‘The Flea’ uses an interesting and unusual conceit to make an argument – in this case, about the nature of physical love. Like Andrew Marvell’s ‘To His Coy Mistress’ (see below), ‘The Flea’ is essentially a seduction lyric. Since this flea has sucked blood from both me and you, the poet says to his would-be mistress, our blood has already been mingled in the flea’s body; so why shouldn’t we mingle our bodies (and their fluids) in sexual intercourse? Of course, this rather crude paraphrase is a world away from the elegance and metaphorical originality of Donne’s poem with its extended metaphor…

◇ ‘The Sun Rising’: 

 This is one of Donne’s most celebrated poems, and it’s gloriously frank – it begins with Donne chastising the sun for peeping through the curtains, rousing him and his lover as they lie in bed together of a morning. Its ‘metaphysical’ quality is evident in Donne’s planetary imagery later in the poem: especially when he taunts the sun for being unlucky in love because use  its natural partner the world  is already  spoken for because Donne and his beloved are the world.

Question : 2


Write the critical  analysis of  Metaphysical  poem of poets other than John  Donne .
  
#Answer:

  ☆ Introduction:

When we begin exploring John Donne’s verse, the description of him as a ‘metaphysical’ poet is inescapable and so it’s worth considering in detail.

Importantly, Donne and the other 16th- and 17th-century poets gathered under the ‘metaphysical’ banner – Carew, Vaughan and Marvell to name some of the most renowned – didn’t form a cohesive movement in their own time. However, their stylistic similarities – in particular a kind of showy originality and linguistic immediacy – have meant that they have been clustered together for centuries. Some critics such as the 18th-century essayist Samuel Johnson have criticised metaphysical poets for what they saw as their self-conscious cleverness. Others such as the poet T S Eliot have celebrated their inventiveness.

Although it’s important not to lose sight of the differences between these writers, Donne does make use of many typical ‘metaphysical’ features used by others in the group – arresting turns of phrase, conciseness, conceits and an emphasis on the argumentative, for example. We might then, reasonably enough, say that the metaphysical label ‘fits’ his work and leave it there. What warrants further exploration is establishing how – exactly, specifically – Donne makes brilliant and unique use of these techniques. 

Arresting language: Questions and imperatives

Questions

Metaphysical poetry is often characterised by the freshness and energy of its narrative voices. Questions – or interrogatives – are devices that Donne powerfully uses to achieve these qualities.

‘The Good Morrow’ demonstrates the richness of questioning in Donne’s work. Here we open in the middle of the action, or in medias res, given immediate access to wandering ‘pillow talk’ between partners. The speaker boldly asks:

I wonder by my troth, what thou and I
Did, till we loved. Were we not wean'd till then?
But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?
Or snorted we in the ’seven sleepers' den?

The accumulative nature of the questions here enacts the whirring of an imagination made ‘childishly’ excited by the power of love. Along with the listing, the enjambment of the first line and caesura in the second work together to emphasise the persona’s incredulity at his good fortune: these structural strategies replicate a kind of stuttering in disbelief. Perhaps more than this, these opening phrases trace a dawning realisation about a wasted, worthless past and a transformed present and future. Rather than signalling uncertainty as we might expect interrogatives to do, these phrases are more like assertions. They mark an epiphany, the speaker’s sudden awareness of his and his lover’s changed state.


Other   examples  of metaphysical poetry:

George Herbert, ‘The Collar’. George Herbert (1593-1633) went to the grave without seeing any of his poetry into print; it was only because his friend, Nicholas Ferrar, thought they were worth salvaging that they were published at all. In this poem, Herbert’s speaker seeks to reject belief in God, to cast off his ‘collar’ and be free. (The collar refers specifically to the ‘dog collar’ that denotes a Christian priest, with its connotations of ownership and restricted freedom, though it also suggests being bound or restricted more generally. Herbert, we should add, was a priest himself.) This central collar-metaphor signals this as one of Herbert’s greatest achievements in metaphysical poetry.

George Herbert, ‘The Pulley’. Another of Herbert’s poems whose paradoxes and wordplay show him to be one of the greatest metaphysical poets. ‘The Pulley’ is a Creation poem which imagines God making man and bestowing all available attributes upon him – except for rest. Work is important so that man should worship the God who made Nature, rather than Nature itself. We suppose one way of looking it is to say that God is advocating hard work as its own reward, and justifying having just one day of the week as a ‘day of rest’ on which to worship Him. Man should be ‘rich and weary’ – rich not only in a financial but in a moral and spiritual sense, too, we assume.

Henry Vaughan, ‘The Retreat’. The Welsh-born Vaughan (1621-95) is less famous than some of the other names on this list, but his work has similarly been labelled ‘metaphysical’. This poem is about the loss of heavenly innocence experienced during childhood, and a desire to regain this lost state of ‘angel infancy’, playing upon the double meaning of ‘retreat’ as both refuge and withdrawal.

Andrew Marvell, ‘The Definition of Love’. If we were going to try to pin down the term ‘metaphysical poetry’ to a clear example, we could do worse than this poem, from Andrew Marvell (1621-78). In ‘The Definition of Love’, Marvell announces that his love was born of despair – despair of knowing that the one he loved would never be his, because he and his beloved run on parallel lines which means they can never intersect and come together. In other words, those who are best-suited to each other (if we interpret the ‘parallel’ image thus) are often kept apart (this poem has been interpreted as a coded reference to homosexuality: two men who love each other are ‘parallel’ in being the same gender, but seventeenth-century society decreed that they could never be together). A clever poem, but also a powerful one about frustrated love. 

Andrew Marvell, ‘To His Coy Mistress’. Marvell, addressing his sweetheart, says that the woman’s reluctance to have sex with him would be fine, if life wasn’t so short. But such a plan is a fantasy, because in reality, our time on Earth is short. Marvell says that, in light of what he’s just said, the only sensible thing to do is to enjoy themselves and go to bed together – while they still can. The poem is famous for its enigmatic reference to the poet’s ‘vegetable love’ – which has, perhaps inevitably, been interpreted as a sexual innuendo, and gives us a nice example of the metaphysical poets’ love of unusual metaphors.(www.intersteingliteratur.com)

 ◇ Another   example of metaphysical  poetry in Gujarati  literature:

અમે  રે  સૂકું  રૂ  નું  પૂમડું,
              તમે  અત્તર  રંગીલા  રસદાર;
તરબોળી  દ્યો  ને  તારેતારને,
              વીંધો  અમને  વ્હાલા,  આરંપાર :
              આવો,  રે  આવો  હો  જીવણ,  આમના.

અમે  રે  સૂના  ઘરનું  જાળિયું,
              તમે  તાતા  તેજના  અવતાર;
ભેદીને  ભીડેલા  ભોગળ –  આગળા,
              ભરો  લખ  લખ  અદીઠા  અંબાર :
              આવો,  રે  આવો  હો  જીવણ,  આમના.

અમે  રે  ઊધઇ –  ખાધું  ઇંધણું,

              તમે  ધગધગ  ધૂણીના  અંગાર;

પડેપડ  પ્રજાળો  વ્હાલા,  વેગથી,

              આપો  અમને  અગનના  શણગાર :

              આવો,  રે  આવો  હો  જીવણ,  આમના.

Question:3  

If you can  write  creative poems, try to rewrite or create new metaphysical poem in either  English or Gujarati or hindi or sanskrit language.

# Answer: 

Title:  "તું  આવી  જા"

              આંખોમાં  હવે   દુનિયા  સમાઈ ગઈ,

                      બસ તું આવી જા.

              આ રણવગડામા હવે  પાંપણો  સુકાઈ  ગઈ ,

                               બસ તું આવી જા. 

            તારી રૂહને   શોધતા-શોધતા રસ્તો  ભૂૂૂલાાઈ ગયો,
                          બસ તું આવી જા. 

            રડી-રડીને    પથ્થરો પણ   પીગળી ગયા,
                      બસ તું આવી જા. 


        ધગધગતા આ તાપમાં હદય પણ  બળી ગયુ,
             બસ તું આવી જા. 


        રોજ -રોજ  કબરે- કબરે  ભટકીને  દેહ  થાકી ગયો,
               બસ તું આવી જા. 


          



           .

 I  have  try to wrote the metaphysical  poetry.   This  poem  written by me.This poem  written in  Gujarati language. 

                    

Thank you. 

        

Listen interview: poet vinod joshi on sairandhri

        LISTEN INTERVIEW:POET VINOD JOSHI ON "SAIRANDHARI."

     

Hello   reader,

      

                  This blog  related  to the  poem of   vinod joshi .  This task given by Dr.Dilip Barad sir. Let's  see  the  poem of vinod joshi. This poem name  "sairandhri."

 Vinod Joshi's    Introduction :

   

  

Born:  13 August   1955 

          Vinod joshi  is a postmodern  Gujarati poet, writer and critic  from Gujarat, India. His notable works include  parents,  a collection  of Geets. This poem is lyrical  poetry. This poem  published  in 1984. Shikhani, a long narrative  poem  based on shikhani,a character  from  the Mahabharata   (1985).  His is the recipient  on the Jayant pathak  puraskar (1985) critic's   award  (1986) kavishwar Dalpatram award (2013)  , sanity  Gaurav puraskar(2015),Narsinh Mehta Award (2018).and kalapi award (2018)
  
 "Sairandhri  us a poem of lost identity. Acclaimed  for elegant  female  sensibility in the sounds,  rhymes  and rhytham  of his  songs. His poem based on the character  of Draupadi from Mahabharata.      I have use in Gujarati language. 

    વિનોદ  જોશી     દ્વારા  તાજેતરમાં  રચેલા " સૈરન્ધ્રી " નુ  પઠન  કરાયું. મહાભારતના વિરાટપવઁમા સૈરન્ધ્રી કાવ્યની વાત  કરતા   વિનોદ  જોશીએ    કહયું   કે, મહાભારતના વિરાટપવઁમા   આવતાં પાંડવોના   અજ્ઞાતવાસને લક્શ્યમાં લઈને દરમિયન   દ્વાપદીના   દાસાઋપનુ  નવુ અર્થઘટન  કરી મનુષ્યે  ગુમાવી લીધેલી  પોતાની મૂળ ઓળખનુ દૃષ્ટિ  બિંદુનુ  ચોપાઈ   અને  દોહરા   જેવા ચુસ્ત   માત્ર મેળ છંદોમા  વહેંચાયેલું છે.  ૧૮૦૦  પંકિતઓનો  સમાવેશ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે 

   

"સૈરન્ધ્રી"   :

     

  આ સૈરન્ધ્રી કાવ્ય  ગુજરાતી  કાવ્યપંરપંરામા એક તદ્દન અનોખી  કાવ્યોનુ  સર્જન કર્યું છે. કવિ  વિનોદ જોશીએ તાજેતરમાં  રચાયેલા  "સૈરન્ધ્રી"  નુ ગુજરાતી ભાષામાં  તૈયાર કરીને લોકોને  તેનુ  રસપાન પોતાના  ગીતોકાવ્ય  કરાવે છે. 

 Thank you. 

Post Truth

                                            " POST TRUTH "

           

           

 Hello  reader,

    

    

   This blog related  to the  term  " post Truth. " This task given by Dr.Dilip Barad sir.  This  word means  " relating  to a situation in  which  people  are more likely to accept  an argument  based on their  emotions  and beliefs,father than  one based on fact" :

 ◇  The referendum  was the first  major vote in the  era  of post truth  politics. 

◇ He dubs the correct   administration  ' a  post -Truth' White House.

    

 ☆  meaning  of the" post - Truth" :

    "  Relating to  or denoting  circumstances in which objective facts are less influential  is, shaping  public opinion  than appeals   to emotion  and personal  belief. "( oxford  dictionary)

      

In   this era , science is needed more that ever. The world has entered an era of " post truth  politics." His  lecture was  entitled " fake in a post truth  world."

 ☆  History  of "post - Truth" :

     

   ◇  Terminology:

     

      According  to  oxford Dictionary , the late Serbian-America  playwright  Steve Tesich  first  used the term post -Truth  in  a 1992  essay in "  The Nation Tesich" writes that following  the  shameful truth  of Watergate.(1972-1974). More assisting coverage of the Iran-contrascandal  and  Persian gulf war (1990- 1991) demonstrates that "we, as a free people,have freely world."  In 2004   Ralph Keyes  used the term " post -Truth  era" in his book by that little. (Wikipedia)

☆   concept  of  post  truth:

    

  Jennifer Hochschild , H.L  Jayne professor of Government at Harvard university. Has described the rise of  post- trust  as a return  to 18th century and 19th century  political  and media practices in the  United states following a period  in the 20th century. Where the media  was  relatively  balancerand rhetoric was down." For many people  truth fulness in politics has now become a mockery...Anyone  who listens to the radio in a mixed company of thinking  people  knows how deep sealed is this cynicism."

        " TRUTH IS SO OBSCURE IN THESE TIMES,AND FALSHOOD SO ESTABLISHED,THAT,UNLESS WE LOVE THE TRUTH  ,WE CAN NOT KNOW IT"

  

♡   some example  related  to  the  post  truth:

You  can  see  this image  and what is  different  between  truth  and post truth?  This  image  suggest  difference of  truth  and post truth.

 Post -Truth  politics class called post - factual politics.and political culture in which debate is framed largely  appeals to emotion dis connected  from the details. Of policy and by he repeated  assertion of  taking points to which factual rebuttals  are ignored.post truth  differs from traditional  contesting and  falsifying  of facts by relegating facts and expert opinions to be of secondary  importance relative to  appeal to emotion. While this has been described as  a contemporary  problem  some  observers have described  it  as a long standing  part of  political  life that was less notable before the advent of the internet and related  social  changes. (Wikipedia)

   

    " A  TRUE BUE  UNPLEASANT FACT ABOUT  YOURSELF  THAT  ANOTHER PERSON  TELLS YOU "

☆   F  FOR FAKE :  

 IS a 1973 docudrama  film  co-writer,   directed by and starring orson Welles. Who worked on the film  alongside. Francois Reichenbach .  This movie  related to the post truth.  Initially released in 1974. It focuses on  Elmyr de Hoys' recounting of  his career  as a professional  art forger de Hory's story  serves as the  backdrop for a fact - paced   meandering investigation of the  natures of  authorship and  authencing.  As well as the basic of the value of art, loosely a documentary,the film operates in several  different  genres  and has been  described  as a film essay.(wikipedia)

☆ One  image related to the post truth. 

   You  can  see  this image and   you  can  compared  with  religion and science.