Thinking Activity : Northop Frye

 Hello readers!

   Here my blog.  This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad.Click here . This blog related to the  Northop Frye's view  on  Archetypal  criticism.  So  i am talkong about on this view. So first of all  I'd like to introduce you to  Northop Frye. 

  German Northop Frye  was a  Canadian  literary  critic. And he was also literary  theorist.  He has considered  one of  the most influential of the 20th century.  Frye gained international  fame with his  first book, " Fearful Symmetry ". Click here.

Question:1 what is Archetypal criticism ?   What does the Archetypal  critic  do?

 Answer: 
               Northop  Frye  working  in the field   of literature   defined  on Archetype  a   symbol,          usually  an image, which recurs often enough in literature  to be recognizable as an            element  of  one's  literary experience  as a whole.

  Archetypal  critic argues  that   archetype   determine the form and function  of  literary works, that a text's meaning  shaoed by cultural  and psychological  myths. Archetypes  are the unknowable  music forms personified  orconcretized in recurring  images.

  Another   way  of thinking  about  Archetypes is to imagine that in   some way it is possible  to plot the  important  aspects  of a story   on to  a graph.  If enough  points  from   several  stories  were plotted a pattern  would  start  to appear.  If  one then drew  a line  that approximated the   the  pattern  that  emerged  in the points  thats ,   that  best fit  line would  be an Archetype. No  story   perfectly   matches  the  archetype,  and some stories  will diverge  from  the  Archetype  more than others. Still, recognizing   that a pattern  exists can be a  powerful  tool in understanding  and comparing  literature.

literary criticism is a  type of  critical  theory that  interprets a text by focusing on recurring  myth and  archetype. This word  come in Greek language   "arche"means beginning, and  " typos"  means  imprint.   In the    narrative,  symbols, images, and characters  type  in literary work.   Archetypal  criticism  gets its  impetus  from psychologist Carl jung' s view on Archetypal criticism   

           Carl Jung  understood  Archetypes  as  universal  archaic patterns  and images  thar derive from the collective unconscious  and  art   the physic  counterpart of  instinct.  They are inherited  potentials  .which are  actualized  when they enter consciousness  as images  or manifest in behavior  on interaction with the outside world.

●    Four major Archetypes  about Carl Jung :

 The psychiatrist and psychotherapist   Carl Gustav Jung  proposed that  everyone's personality contains  elements of four  major Archetypes . These  Archetypes  provide  models for our  behaviour  and influence  the way  we think and act. Jung labeled these  Archetypes  the  :

                    [1] Self 

                    [2]  The  persona

                    [3] The  shadow

                    [4] The Anima / Animus. 

I have describe  this type:

▪︎  The  Self:

   It is by understanding the  above Jungian Archetypes and intergrating  them that we come to achieve  a well - developed  self. The self is often represented by thewise man / woman Archetype.

If  you  dream of a wise, figure it is an indication  that you  are well on the way to achieving  this integration. You might also find  your self identifying  with wise characters in films, Tv, and book and  these might  take on forms such  as a good boss or mentoror literally  a wise woman or magician. Knowing  how  Jungian  Archetypes work with in our psyches can provide us with apowerful tool for inner transformation. By examining  the  Archetypes role in  our psyches,  we  can change our behaviors  to reach our full potential  in life.

 To help  you  in the process  of  integrating  your Archetypes you  might like to keep  a notebook by the bed  to write down any  dreams.  Also  pay attention  to the types of stories and  characters  you are  dream  to both in literature, TV and  movies,  to see  if they shed light on the  state of  your psyche.

▪︎  The persona :

 Having  addressed  the shadow  and the Anima/Animus, the  next step in our spiritual  evolution  is to  address  the Archetype of the  persona.  The  persona  is how we present our selves to the world.

 The word  " persona"  is Latin for 'mask'    we all have certain  ' mask's we put on order to interact specially  in a variety of  situations.  We may have a work persona, a femily  persona or even a party persona . We develop our shadow by  repressing  traits  others did  not  approve of. In contrast we create our persona's by  over-  developing traits others encouraged . The persona oftencontains an element of ' people  pleasing' .

   We  need to  understand that  our  personas  are not  who we  are  in order  to allow fir the  development of  the  self. We must   be  careful not to identify too closely  with our  personas  as this can inhabit  our  spiritual growth.   Someone who is  fixed into oneperson ,for example,  a workaholic ,might  need tolearn to  identify  lesswiththat persona  and develop  other  areas  of  their  personality.

▪︎The  Shadow:

 Jung   felt  that the personal qualities  we deny, repress or ignore do not go away. But are relegated to the unconscious. Here they become  pesonified as the shadow.This Archetype  is  often described  as the darker side if the psych, representing  widness,chaos, and the unknown.

We may repress our desires or qualities  because  they were frowned  upon by others or to oritect iurselves from emotional  or even  physical harm for example, a child may  learn to repress strong emotions such as rage or grief because  they are afraid  these emotions may severely  distress another family  member.

When we later  need these repressed  qualities,  the shadow may begi to show up in our dream. It might appear  as a snake, a monster,  ademon, a dragon, or someother darkor wild figure.

We might also be drawn to shadow  figures, such as villains in films  and literature. When we experience  the shadow  Archetype,  it is often a sign that we are  ready to begin a new cycle  in life.

We can choose to resurrect  the qualities  that  have  been repressed  and put them to use  For example,  a man who has  repressed  his  nurturing nature because  he was taught to be brave and strong  might  wish to resurrect  this side of his personality.  When he becomes a father.

 According to Jung ,integrating the shadow  aspects ofour psyche   is the  first step in our spiritual  growth.

▪︎  The Anima or Animus: 

   Once we have  integrated  the  shadow , we may find elements of the  Anima/ Animus arise in our consciousness . The Anima is  the feminine aspect of a  man' s unconscious  while the Animus  is the male aspect of the  female  unconscious.  Integrated  human beings  are  made  up of  a balance of feminine.  And masculine  energies.

   However,  society  and our upbringing may have cauted us to  repress  traits  viewed  as  belonging to the  opposite  gender. In order to become whole,we  must integrate  both the masculine  and feminine  in to our psyche.

  Feminine  and  masculine  Archetypes  contain  a   mixture  of  positive and negative  traits.  When   unbalanced,  we may behavein stereotypical  ways. For example,   a  man  might be too competitive  without  the complementary feminine  nurturing aspect.

   ☆ Few  examples of Archetype in literature   :

    ■    The  hero: 

 He or is a character  who  predominantly  exhibits  Goodness, and struggles  evil  in   order  to  restore harmony and  justice to   society.  Example  of hero  include  "  Beowulf" ,   in the book" Beowulf"  Hercules , in the book Hercules.

 ■   The mother Figure: 

           Such a  character  may be  represented  as   a fairy  god mother who  guides and directs  child , mother  Earth,  who contacts  people  and  offers  spiritual  and emotional   nourishment,   or  a   stepmother  who  treats   their  step children  poorly. Example  of a  mother  figure  include:   Lucy and Madame Defarge  from Charles  Dickens  ' A Tale  of Two cities."

 So   i  have  understood  what is critic  do? And what is  appropriate  of the work?    And Archetype in literature  is very important.

  

  Question:2    what is   Frye  trying prove by  giving  an analogy of "physics to Nature and" criticism  to  literature "  ? 
    Answer: 

   Frye   discuss  about  the  four  season.  Let's  see this four  season        《1》 spring

                        《2》 summer

                       《3》 Autums

                       《4》 Winter

 So let see  how this season   compares  with literature?

  《1》 comedy (spring)
  《2》 Romance (summer)                  

  《3》 Tragedy (Autumn)
  《4》 satire ( Winter)

 Frye's    theory of cycles  and  seasons was very interesting.  Frye discovered  a pattern that dwvloped among several  works of literature.  Writer  were ysing different  seasons for certain  things.   Spring  for  comedy, summer  was for romance, fall was fir tragedy, and winter  was fir irony/satire.

●   Spring : comedy
    Frye  uses"comedy" in the traditional  sense of the wird. He does nit mean that funny things  happen  in  the spring.  He means that the  gero starts  at aliw points and ascends.

●  Summer: Romance
During the summertime  the protagonist goes on minor  adventures  and  sometimes finds love. Occasionally,  there will be a ritual death.

●  Autumn: Tragedy
   Again,  Frye uses "tragedy" not to  mean sadness, but instend to  mean  that the main character  descend  from the points. Where the story begin.

●  Winter : Satire/ Irony
   Frye  claimed that the   winter marked by content rather than structure,  so  it  is  difficult  to give an  example  of  exactly  what  happens. However  the content during the  winter time was often ironic or   satirical.  We can  understand of  nature of human being.

Question: 3 share your views of criticism as an organized body of knowledge mention  relation of literature  with  history And philosophy. 

Answer:  About my opinion on criticism  is organized body of knowledge. So history  and literature  is both Good  for  literature.  Because  history  is very useful in literature.   For example  we can see history 's character  like othello. So this   character  is  repited  in literature . And  also  philosophy is  Good for literature.  We are know  about  Aristotle 's view on   philosophy. This both factor  made by Good literature. And many of ideas  growth  in literature.

Question:4 Briefly explain inductive method illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene. 

Answer:    Northop Frye's  view on inductive method  and deductive method. So inductive method  observation  from particular to  general . We can see the  Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene

 Question: 5 Briefly explain deductive  method  with reference  to an analogy to .usic, painting, rhythm  and pattern. Give  example of  the outcome of deductive method. 

Answer:   As  we  know  about  deductive  method. It means forms of general  particular.  The music,  painting,  rhythm  and pattern  this all is arts. So  when painter  making by painting  so  we can understand  what this picture  say? So same like situation  critic.  Critic  criticized  the work .and then give the argument. This all connected  with  criticism.we can see this image  and  what we can understand  this concept of  tis image?

Question: 6 Refer to  the indian seasonal grid (below) . If you can  Please  read small gujarati  or hindi or English  poem from  the Archetypal  approach  and apply  Indian  seasonal grid  in the  interpretation. 

Answer:  "Four seasons"  by Ceal Frances 

 

       The fields are  rich with daffodils, 

       A coat of clover cloacks the kills,
        And i must dance,and i must sing
      To see the beauty  of the spring.

     The earth is warm, the sun's ablaze,

     It is a time of carefree days,

     And  bees  abuzz that chance to pass.
    May  see me snoozing in the  grass.

  The  leaves are yellow, red, and brown,
   A shower sprinkles softly down;
    The air is fragrant, crisp,  and cool,
  And once again  I'm stuck in school.

   The birds are gone, the world is  white,
  The winds are wild, they chill and bite;
  The ground is thick with slush and sleet,
  And  I can barely feel  my feet.

 The last is done, the next is here,
 The same as ut is every year;
 Spring - then sunshine   out human snow,
  That  is hiw each year must go.


 So  this poem  related to the season. And connected  with  literature.    I  have  included   another   blog    Northop Frye   ritual   myth and the Archetypes  of literature. Click here. 



Thank you...