Assignment
Paper: 4
Indian writing in English(pre- independence)
Name: payal chudasama
Sem: :1 M.A.(with English)
Batch year : 2019-21
Enrollment no:2069108020200005
Email I’d: cudasmapayal1997@gamil. Com
Submitted to : Dr. Dilip Barad sir smt. S.B. Gardi English Department of Bhavanagar
Topic: Discuss about kanthanthapura novel.
☆ About writer :
Sir k. Rao born in 8 November 1908 and he was died in 8 July 2oo6. He was an Indian writer of English language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in Metaphysics. “The serpent and the Rope" published in 1960. A semi- autobiographical novel recounting a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India, established him as one of the finest Indian prose stylists and won the sahitya Academy award in1964. For the entire body of his work, Rao was awarded the Neustadt international prize for literature in 1988. His notable works are:
[1] “Kanthanthapura” (1938)
[2] “ The serpent and the Rope" 1960
☆ About novel:
Raja Rao written by “ kanthanthapura.” This his first book and this book is best known novel. “Kanthanthapura” published in 1938. Is the story of a south Indian village named kanthanthapura. The novel is narrated in the form of a sthala piranha by an old woman of this village. In this novel Raja Rao describe the castesist system. Traditional festival celebration in village. The village is believed to be produced by a local deity named kanchamma. Kanchamma is the central character of this novel kanchamma tell the story. So kanchamma is the narrator of this novel. And also widow woman. The novel “kanthanthapura” Raja Rao is a tale of uprising and overcoming oppression in indian society In the town of kanthanthapura, the people are very oppressed and the British invade ,making thing significantly worse.
☆ Introduction of character:
{1} Achakka:
Achakka is the narrator of this novel. Achakka is a woman from the village of kanthanthapura . She reveals little about herself ,but she is an elder and Brahmin who is very familiar with everyone in her village. She sympathizes with the Brahmins who see Moorthy's belief in equality as a form of pollution, but later in the book she helps lead the woman's rebellion against the colonial police forces. Achakka ’s stream of consciousness style of narration.
{2} Moorthy:
Moorthy is the protagonist character of this novel and he was leader of kanthanthapura villagers. Moorthy ‘s character compared with Gandhi. This character is most Important character in this novel.
{3} Rangamma:
Rangamma is a widow in kanthanthapura novel. Who becomes the Gandhian movement’s secondary leader after her close confidant Moorthy. She is symbol if erosion of the caste system.
{4} Ratna:
Ratna is the daughter of kamalamma. She is young girl . Her husband died and soon after she married him at the age of ten. After becomes a widow .
{5} Bhatta:
He was powerful man and he was also businessman. Who is amasses land and power in kanthanthapura.
{6} Patel Range Gowda:
He is kanthanthapura’ village Patel. And he was government representative, village headman and also landholders. In kanthanthapura village “ Nothing can be done without Range Godawa.”
{7} The swami :
The regional religious leader based in the city of Mysore who supports the Brahmin’s campaign against Moorthy’s Gandhian movement.
☆ Theme of this novel :
Raja Rao give the many central ideas of this novel. Let’s see the idea if this novel.
[1] Theme of Rules and regulations :
Rules and regulations is the most important theme of this novel . See the this novel Achakka is the character of this novel. She is widow. She is follow to the rules and regulations. Same situation like Indian woman . You can see the Ramayana epic . Sita always follows to the rule . In India many rules like satipratha , untouchability , caste system, child marriage . I have listen for girl (બાળકીને દૂધ પીતી કરવી.) Woman always struggle in life .
[2]Theme of untouchability:
This theme is the most important theme in this novel. Upper caste is untouched lower caste. This is rule and lower caste always struggle with caste . And also we can see the work is divided in caste . I have comparison with one movie Article 15 is the best example of the this theme.
[3] Theme of Gandhian view : Leadership):
We can see the life of Gandhi. And Raja Rao the represent the novel “kanthanthapura” Moorthy is character of this novel . This character compared with Gandhi . And accept of Gandhian thought. Moorthy is give the best role in this novel so this theme is most important theme
[4] Theme of caste system:
This theme is represent the caste system. Structure of caste in India. This divided in fourth part. And we can see caste marriage is not possible in India because rule is important . Rarely caste marriage is possible. I have mention one book like chatan Bhagwat’s book name" Two state" This book story is love story . And thus book suggest caste marriage.
[5] Theme of Nationalism and colonialism:
Throughout of the novel kanthanthapura we can see the colonialism. Raja Rao represent the this idea. Gandhian nationalist villagers, who have largely ceased worrying about caste nonviolently resist the British colonial government in the name of the Indian nation. Gandhism inspires kanthanthapura’ s residents to fight against the oppression of the British colonial government in the name of India, a mythical nation to come out of a sense if loyalty to a teacher and population that the have never encountered and likely never will. However, the way that Gandhism exerts power over them largely resembles the way colonial government rules from without. For the Indian people, resisting an oppressive and far -reaching colonial. Gandhian political thoughts teaching come in the guise of traditional religious terms and it stirs he village folk. Gandhian secularism and spiritual nationalism in intends to end the rigid social caste based structure and unite all the masses common religion, which should be full of truth and love . The novelist delineates Gandhian impact on Indian villages presenting the kanthanthapura. Though the narration of an old woman, the novelist has portrayed Gandhi as Rama ,Krishna and Shiva whose birth has a divine significance. She narrates .
‘I Brahma you who have sent us the prince ... incarnate on the Earth and free my beloved daughter from her enforced slavery.’ The novel also treats Gandhi as a divine reincarnation of Shiva from shivapurana.
[6] Theme of religious v/s modernism:
This theme is major theme. Now we can see the present situation . What is people follow the religious rule ? In this novel Raja Rao describe the religious factor. We are all know about religious. In village ‘a people believes in religious. For example we can see the religious festival . (Shitala satam, navratri etc.) Means believe on god. The people of kanthanthapura were ignorant, poor and superstitious but they have a strong faith in religion. They have a deep faith in Goodness ‘kanchamma.’ She believed to be in the centre of the village. It is strongly believed that marriage, sickness, death, ploughing harvesting, arrest , release all are watched by Kenchamma.
☆ Symbol of this novel:
<1> kanchamma Hill :
According to village lore, the kanchamma Hill near kanthanthapura is red because the goddess kanchamma fought off an evil demon there , and the blood from the battle soaked the hill. Kenchamma Hill offers kanthanthapura’s residents physical proof of their goddess's providence for them and demonstrates the way
The village’s traditional religious is grounded in the landscape and topography of its surroundings. The hill is an important directional landmark for kanthanthapura ‘s people pass it on their travels as passing the hill demonstrates that one had entered kanchamma Hill plays an important role in the villagers resistance campaign, too. Achakka believes that “no policeman could catch.” Anyone who hides out there , presumably because of kenchamma's protection. So the policeman beat protestors there just before the villagers burn kanthanthapura to the ground. In this play kanchamma hill symbolizes the villagers deep culture and physical sense of connection to the land on which their village rests. And also other symbolize the way in connection can be violently served.
<2> The River Himavathy:
The Himavathy runs through the western Ghats, nourishing its valley and the people of kanthanthapura. At the beginning of this novel Achakka explains that Himavathy .
<3> Achakka is the symbol of rules and regulations:
In India we can see the rules and regulations following to the people. Satipratha is very dangerous rules before time. But now present situation this pratha not following in India. But some rules and regulations following in present time.
☆ Concept of this novel “kanthanthapura”:
In this novel Raja Rao describe the present situation. We can see the caste system, religion, rules and regulations, idea of Gandhi etc. Kanthanthapura is full myth. Basic concept like colonialism, beliefs on God , Raja Rao describe environment of village.
☆ Conclusion:
In short, Raja Rao's novel kanthanthapura is based on Gadhian idea. Raja Rao represents conditions of India. Now present time some changes not come in India. This novel give the many ideas.
☆Reference:
1. Wikipedia
2. Spark note
Paper: 4
Indian writing in English(pre- independence)
Name: payal chudasama
Sem: :1 M.A.(with English)
Batch year : 2019-21
Enrollment no:2069108020200005
Email I’d: cudasmapayal1997@gamil. Com
Submitted to : Dr. Dilip Barad sir smt. S.B. Gardi English Department of Bhavanagar
Topic: Discuss about kanthanthapura novel.
☆ About writer :
Sir k. Rao born in 8 November 1908 and he was died in 8 July 2oo6. He was an Indian writer of English language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in Metaphysics. “The serpent and the Rope" published in 1960. A semi- autobiographical novel recounting a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India, established him as one of the finest Indian prose stylists and won the sahitya Academy award in1964. For the entire body of his work, Rao was awarded the Neustadt international prize for literature in 1988. His notable works are:
[1] “Kanthanthapura” (1938)
[2] “ The serpent and the Rope" 1960
☆ About novel:
Raja Rao written by “ kanthanthapura.” This his first book and this book is best known novel. “Kanthanthapura” published in 1938. Is the story of a south Indian village named kanthanthapura. The novel is narrated in the form of a sthala piranha by an old woman of this village. In this novel Raja Rao describe the castesist system. Traditional festival celebration in village. The village is believed to be produced by a local deity named kanchamma. Kanchamma is the central character of this novel kanchamma tell the story. So kanchamma is the narrator of this novel. And also widow woman. The novel “kanthanthapura” Raja Rao is a tale of uprising and overcoming oppression in indian society In the town of kanthanthapura, the people are very oppressed and the British invade ,making thing significantly worse.
☆ Introduction of character:
{1} Achakka:
Achakka is the narrator of this novel. Achakka is a woman from the village of kanthanthapura . She reveals little about herself ,but she is an elder and Brahmin who is very familiar with everyone in her village. She sympathizes with the Brahmins who see Moorthy's belief in equality as a form of pollution, but later in the book she helps lead the woman's rebellion against the colonial police forces. Achakka ’s stream of consciousness style of narration.
{2} Moorthy:
Moorthy is the protagonist character of this novel and he was leader of kanthanthapura villagers. Moorthy ‘s character compared with Gandhi. This character is most Important character in this novel.
{3} Rangamma:
Rangamma is a widow in kanthanthapura novel. Who becomes the Gandhian movement’s secondary leader after her close confidant Moorthy. She is symbol if erosion of the caste system.
{4} Ratna:
Ratna is the daughter of kamalamma. She is young girl . Her husband died and soon after she married him at the age of ten. After becomes a widow .
{5} Bhatta:
He was powerful man and he was also businessman. Who is amasses land and power in kanthanthapura.
{6} Patel Range Gowda:
He is kanthanthapura’ village Patel. And he was government representative, village headman and also landholders. In kanthanthapura village “ Nothing can be done without Range Godawa.”
{7} The swami :
The regional religious leader based in the city of Mysore who supports the Brahmin’s campaign against Moorthy’s Gandhian movement.
☆ Theme of this novel :
Raja Rao give the many central ideas of this novel. Let’s see the idea if this novel.
[1] Theme of Rules and regulations :
Rules and regulations is the most important theme of this novel . See the this novel Achakka is the character of this novel. She is widow. She is follow to the rules and regulations. Same situation like Indian woman . You can see the Ramayana epic . Sita always follows to the rule . In India many rules like satipratha , untouchability , caste system, child marriage . I have listen for girl (બાળકીને દૂધ પીતી કરવી.) Woman always struggle in life .
[2]Theme of untouchability:
This theme is the most important theme in this novel. Upper caste is untouched lower caste. This is rule and lower caste always struggle with caste . And also we can see the work is divided in caste . I have comparison with one movie Article 15 is the best example of the this theme.
[3] Theme of Gandhian view : Leadership):
We can see the life of Gandhi. And Raja Rao the represent the novel “kanthanthapura” Moorthy is character of this novel . This character compared with Gandhi . And accept of Gandhian thought. Moorthy is give the best role in this novel so this theme is most important theme
[4] Theme of caste system:
This theme is represent the caste system. Structure of caste in India. This divided in fourth part. And we can see caste marriage is not possible in India because rule is important . Rarely caste marriage is possible. I have mention one book like chatan Bhagwat’s book name" Two state" This book story is love story . And thus book suggest caste marriage.
[5] Theme of Nationalism and colonialism:
Throughout of the novel kanthanthapura we can see the colonialism. Raja Rao represent the this idea. Gandhian nationalist villagers, who have largely ceased worrying about caste nonviolently resist the British colonial government in the name of the Indian nation. Gandhism inspires kanthanthapura’ s residents to fight against the oppression of the British colonial government in the name of India, a mythical nation to come out of a sense if loyalty to a teacher and population that the have never encountered and likely never will. However, the way that Gandhism exerts power over them largely resembles the way colonial government rules from without. For the Indian people, resisting an oppressive and far -reaching colonial. Gandhian political thoughts teaching come in the guise of traditional religious terms and it stirs he village folk. Gandhian secularism and spiritual nationalism in intends to end the rigid social caste based structure and unite all the masses common religion, which should be full of truth and love . The novelist delineates Gandhian impact on Indian villages presenting the kanthanthapura. Though the narration of an old woman, the novelist has portrayed Gandhi as Rama ,Krishna and Shiva whose birth has a divine significance. She narrates .
‘I Brahma you who have sent us the prince ... incarnate on the Earth and free my beloved daughter from her enforced slavery.’ The novel also treats Gandhi as a divine reincarnation of Shiva from shivapurana.
[6] Theme of religious v/s modernism:
This theme is major theme. Now we can see the present situation . What is people follow the religious rule ? In this novel Raja Rao describe the religious factor. We are all know about religious. In village ‘a people believes in religious. For example we can see the religious festival . (Shitala satam, navratri etc.) Means believe on god. The people of kanthanthapura were ignorant, poor and superstitious but they have a strong faith in religion. They have a deep faith in Goodness ‘kanchamma.’ She believed to be in the centre of the village. It is strongly believed that marriage, sickness, death, ploughing harvesting, arrest , release all are watched by Kenchamma.
☆ Symbol of this novel:
<1> kanchamma Hill :
According to village lore, the kanchamma Hill near kanthanthapura is red because the goddess kanchamma fought off an evil demon there , and the blood from the battle soaked the hill. Kenchamma Hill offers kanthanthapura’s residents physical proof of their goddess's providence for them and demonstrates the way
The village’s traditional religious is grounded in the landscape and topography of its surroundings. The hill is an important directional landmark for kanthanthapura ‘s people pass it on their travels as passing the hill demonstrates that one had entered kanchamma Hill plays an important role in the villagers resistance campaign, too. Achakka believes that “no policeman could catch.” Anyone who hides out there , presumably because of kenchamma's protection. So the policeman beat protestors there just before the villagers burn kanthanthapura to the ground. In this play kanchamma hill symbolizes the villagers deep culture and physical sense of connection to the land on which their village rests. And also other symbolize the way in connection can be violently served.
<2> The River Himavathy:
The Himavathy runs through the western Ghats, nourishing its valley and the people of kanthanthapura. At the beginning of this novel Achakka explains that Himavathy .
<3> Achakka is the symbol of rules and regulations:
In India we can see the rules and regulations following to the people. Satipratha is very dangerous rules before time. But now present situation this pratha not following in India. But some rules and regulations following in present time.
☆ Concept of this novel “kanthanthapura”:
In this novel Raja Rao describe the present situation. We can see the caste system, religion, rules and regulations, idea of Gandhi etc. Kanthanthapura is full myth. Basic concept like colonialism, beliefs on God , Raja Rao describe environment of village.
☆ Conclusion:
In short, Raja Rao's novel kanthanthapura is based on Gadhian idea. Raja Rao represents conditions of India. Now present time some changes not come in India. This novel give the many ideas.
☆Reference:
1. Wikipedia
2. Spark note
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