Assignment
🌸Name:Payal chudasama
🌸Sem: 2
🌸Batch: 2019-20
🌸Roll no: 17
🌸Submitted by: smt.Gardi Department of English MKBU
🌸Paper: 7 ( Literary theory and criticism 2)
🌸Course: M.A. English
🌸Topic: Discuss about Archetypes literature.
🌸 Enrollment no: 2o691084202000005
♣️ Introduction about Archetypes literature: In literature, an archetype is a typical character, an action, or a situation that seems to represent universal patterns of human nature. An archetype, also known as “universal symbol,” may be a character, a theme, a symbol, or even a setting.An archetype is a human experience or symbol that is universally known and accepted. Archetypes can be images or stories passed on through history. Carl Jung, a prominent psychiatrist in the early 1900’s, used archetypes in his theory about the human psyche and how humans can recognize these symbols because they reside in the collective human subconscious. Some common examples of archetypes are The Hero, The Mentor, The Mother, The Villain and many more. Archetypes like these can be seen in everyday things like books, tv or movies etc.
⭐ what is Archetype ?
Archetype Definition In literature, an archetype is a typical character, an action, or a situation that seems to represent universal patterns of human nature.
An archetype, also known as “universal symbol,” may be a character, a theme, a symbol, or even a setting. Many literary critics are of the opinion that archetypes – which have a common and recurring representation in a particular human culture, or entire human race – shape the structure and function of a literary work.
⭐Four major Archetypes about Carl Jung :
The psychiatrist and psychotherapist Carl Gustav Jung proposed that everyone's personality contains elements of four major Archetypes . These Archetypes provide models for our behaviour and influence the way we think and act. Jung labeled these Archetypes the :
[1] Self
[2] The persona
[3] The shadow
[4] The Anima / Animus.
I have describe this type:
▪︎ The Self:
It is by understanding the above Jungian Archetypes and integrating them that we come to achieve a well - developed self. The self is often represented by the wise man / woman Archetype.
If you dream of a wise, figure it is an indication that you are well on the way to achieving this integration. You might also find your self identifying with wise characters in films, Tv, and book and these might take on forms such as a good boss or mentor literally a wise woman or magician. Knowing how Jungian Archetypes work with in our psyches can provide us with a powerful tool for inner transformation. By examining the Archetypes role in our psyches, we can change our behaviors to reach our full potential in life.
To help you in the process of integrating your Archetypes you might like to keep a notebook by the bed to write down any dreams. Also pay attention to the types of stories and characters you are dream to both in literature, TV and movies, to see if they shed light on the state of your psyche.
▪︎ The persona :
Having addressed the shadow and the Anima/Animus, the next step in our spiritual evolution is to address the Archetype of the persona. The persona is how we present our selves to the world.
The word " persona" is Latin for 'mask' we all have certain ' mask's we put on order to interact specially in a variety of situations. We may have a work persona, a family persona or even a party persona . We develop our shadow by repressing traits others did not approve of. In contrast we create our persona's by over- developing traits others encouraged . The persona often contains an element of ' people pleasing' .
We need to understand that our personas are not who we are in order to allow fir the development of the self. We must be careful not to identify too closely with our personas as this can inhabit our spiritual growth. Someone who is fixed into one person ,for example, a workaholic ,might need to learn to identify less with that persona and develop other areas of their personality.
▪︎The Shadow:
Jung felt that the personal qualities we deny, repress or ignore do not go away. But are relegated to the unconscious. Here they become personified as the shadow.This Archetype is often described as the darker side if the psych, representing wildness,chaos, and the unknown.
We may repress our desires or qualities because they were frowned upon by others or to protect ourselves from emotional or even physical harm for example, a child may learn to repress strong emotions such as rage or grief because they are afraid these emotions may severely distress another family member.
When we later need these repressed qualities, the shadow may begin to show up in our dream. It might appear as a snake, a monster, ademon, a dragon, or some other darkor wild figure.
We might also be drawn to shadow figures, such as villains in films and literature. When we experience the shadow Archetype, it is often a sign that we are ready to begin a new cycle in life.
We can choose to resurrect the qualities that have been repressed and put them to use For example, a man who has repressed his nurturing nature because he was taught to be brave and strong might wish to resurrect this side of his personality. When he becomes a father.
According to Jung ,integrating the shadow aspects of our psyche is the first step in our spiritual growth.
▪︎ The Anima or Animus:
Once we have integrated the shadow , we may find elements of the Anima/ Animus arise in our consciousness . The Anima is the feminine aspect of a man' s unconscious while the Animus is the male aspect of the female unconscious. Integrated human beings are made up of a balance of feminine. And masculine energies.
However, society and our upbringing may have cauted us to repress traits viewed as belonging to the opposite gender. In order to become whole,we must integrate both the masculine and feminine in to our psyche.
Feminine and masculine Archetypes contain a mixture of positive and negative traits. When unbalanced, we may behavein stereotypical ways. For example, a man might be too competitive without the complementary feminine nurturing aspect.
☆ Few examples of Archetype in literature :
■ The hero:
He or is a character who predominantly exhibits Goodness, and struggles evil in order to restore harmony and justice to society. Example of hero include " Beowulf" , in the book" Beowulf" Hercules , in the book Hercules.Hero. An archetypal motif based on overcoming obstacles and achieving certain goals.
The hero’s main feat is to overcome the monster of darkness: it is the long-hoped-for and expected triumph of consciousness over the unconscious. “The Psychology of the Child Archetype,”The hero myth is an unconscious drama seen only in projection, like the happenings in Plato’s parable of the cave. “The Dual Mother,” The hero symbolizes a man’s unconscious self, and this manifests itself empirically as the sum total of all archetypes and therefore includes the archetype of the father and of the wise old man. To that extent the hero is his own father and his own be getter.
■ The mother Figure:
Such a character may be represented as a fairy god mother who guides and directs child , mother Earth, who contacts people and offers spiritual and emotional nourishment, or a stepmother who treats their step children poorly. Example of a mother figure include: Lucy and Madame Defarge from Charles Dickens ' A Tale of Two cities."
Northop Frye discuss about four season:
《1》 comedy (spring)
《2》 Romance (summer)
《3》 Tragedy (Autumn)
《4》 satire ( Winter)
Frye's theory of cycles and seasons was very interesting. Frye discovered a pattern that developed among several works of literature. Writer were using different seasons for certain things. Spring for comedy, summer was for romance, fall was for tragedy, and winter was fir irony/satire.
● Spring : comedy
Frye uses"comedy" in the traditional sense of the weird. He does nit mean that funny things happen in the spring. He means that the gero starts at aliw points and ascends.
● Summer: Romance
During the summertime the protagonist goes on minor adventures and sometimes finds love. Occasionally, there will be a ritual death.
● Autumn: Tragedy
Again, Frye uses "tragedy" not to mean sadness, but instead to mean that the main character descend from the points. Where the story begin.
● Winter : Satire/ Irony
Frye claimed that the winter marked by content rather than structure, so it is difficult to give an example of exactly what happens. However the content during the winter time was often ironic or satirical. We can understand of nature of human being.Archetypes An archetype can be described as a typical reoccurring character/personality in any form of art. Each person is a certain archetype, though that archetype might change from moment to moment in their lives. There are 12 main archetypes in literature: The Ruler, The Creator, The Innocent, The Sage, The Explorer, The Revolutionary, The Magician, The Hero, The Lover, The Jester, The Everyman, and The Caregiver.
⭐Conclusion:
In short, the different approaches of literary criticism, Northrop Frye has established the validity of the archetypal approach and its relevance in the elucidation of a text. Like works of literature, criticism is also creative and an archetypal critic discovers the meaning of a text and the motives of a character.
⭐Reference :
👉 1 : Bates, Roland. Northrop Frye. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971.
👉2 : Knapp, Bettina L. "Introduction." A Jungian Approach to Literature. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. ix - xvi
👉 3 : Jung, C. G. (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. [Princeton, N.J.] :Princeton University Press, 1980.
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