Hello readers!
Here my blog. This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad.
Click here . This blog related to the Northop Frye's view on Archetypal criticism. So i am talkong about on this view. So first of all I'd like to introduce you to
Northop Frye.
German Northop Frye was a Canadian literary critic. And he was also literary theorist. He has considered one of the most influential of the 20th century. Frye gained international fame with his first book,
" Fearful Symmetry ". Click here.
Question:1 what is Archetypal criticism ? What does the Archetypal critic do?
Answer:
Northop Frye working in the field of literature defined on Archetype a symbol, usually an image, which recurs often enough in literature to be recognizable as an element of one's literary experience as a whole.
Archetypal critic argues that archetype determine the form and function of literary works, that a text's meaning shaoed by cultural and psychological myths. Archetypes are the unknowable music forms personified orconcretized in recurring images.
Another way of thinking about Archetypes is to imagine that in some way it is possible to plot the important aspects of a story on to a graph. If enough points from several stories were plotted a pattern would start to appear. If one then drew a line that approximated the the pattern that emerged in the points thats , that best fit line would be an Archetype. No story perfectly matches the archetype, and some stories will diverge from the Archetype more than others. Still, recognizing that a pattern exists can be a powerful tool in understanding and comparing literature.
literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myth and archetype. This word come in Greek language "arche"means
beginning, and " typos" means
imprint. In the
narrative, symbols, images, and characters type in literary work. Archetypal criticism gets its impetus from psychologist
Carl jung' s view on Archetypal criticism
Carl Jung understood Archetypes as universal archaic patterns and images thar derive from the collective unconscious and art the physic counterpart of instinct. They are inherited potentials .which are actualized when they enter consciousness as images or manifest in behavior on interaction with the outside world.
● Four major Archetypes about Carl Jung :
The psychiatrist and psychotherapist Carl Gustav Jung proposed that everyone's personality contains elements of four major Archetypes . These Archetypes provide models for our behaviour and influence the way we think and act. Jung labeled these Archetypes the :
[1] Self
[2] The persona
[3] The shadow
[4] The Anima / Animus.
I have describe this type:
▪︎ The Self:
It is by understanding the above Jungian Archetypes and intergrating them that we come to achieve a well - developed self. The self is often represented by thewise man / woman Archetype.
If you dream of a wise, figure it is an indication that you are well on the way to achieving this integration. You might also find your self identifying with wise characters in films, Tv, and book and these might take on forms such as a good boss or mentoror literally a wise woman or magician. Knowing how Jungian Archetypes work with in our psyches can provide us with apowerful tool for inner transformation. By examining the Archetypes role in our psyches, we can change our behaviors to reach our full potential in life.
To help you in the process of integrating your Archetypes you might like to keep a notebook by the bed to write down any dreams. Also pay attention to the types of stories and characters you are dream to both in literature, TV and movies, to see if they shed light on the state of your psyche.
▪︎ The persona :
Having addressed the shadow and the Anima/Animus, the next step in our spiritual evolution is to address the Archetype of the persona. The persona is how we present our selves to the world.
The word " persona" is Latin for 'mask' we all have certain ' mask's we put on order to interact specially in a variety of situations. We may have a work persona, a femily persona or even a party persona . We develop our shadow by repressing traits others did not approve of. In contrast we create our persona's by over- developing traits others encouraged . The persona oftencontains an element of ' people pleasing' .
We need to understand that our personas are not who we are in order to allow fir the development of the self. We must be careful not to identify too closely with our personas as this can inhabit our spiritual growth. Someone who is fixed into oneperson ,for example, a workaholic ,might need tolearn to identify lesswiththat persona and develop other areas of their personality.
▪︎The Shadow:
Jung felt that the personal qualities we deny, repress or ignore do not go away. But are relegated to the unconscious. Here they become pesonified as the shadow.This Archetype is often described as the darker side if the psych, representing widness,chaos, and the unknown.
We may repress our desires or qualities because they were frowned upon by others or to oritect iurselves from emotional or even physical harm for example, a child may learn to repress strong emotions such as rage or grief because they are afraid these emotions may severely distress another family member.
When we later need these repressed qualities, the shadow may begi to show up in our dream. It might appear as a snake, a monster, ademon, a dragon, or someother darkor wild figure.
We might also be drawn to shadow figures, such as villains in films and literature. When we experience the shadow Archetype, it is often a sign that we are ready to begin a new cycle in life.
We can choose to resurrect the qualities that have been repressed and put them to use For example, a man who has repressed his nurturing nature because he was taught to be brave and strong might wish to resurrect this side of his personality. When he becomes a father.
According to Jung ,integrating the shadow aspects ofour psyche is the first step in our spiritual growth.
▪︎ The Anima or Animus:
Once we have integrated the shadow , we may find elements of the Anima/ Animus arise in our consciousness . The Anima is the feminine aspect of a man' s unconscious while the Animus is the male aspect of the female unconscious. Integrated human beings are made up of a balance of feminine. And masculine energies.
However, society and our upbringing may have cauted us to repress traits viewed as belonging to the opposite gender. In order to become whole,we must integrate both the masculine and feminine in to our psyche.
Feminine and masculine Archetypes contain a mixture of positive and negative traits. When unbalanced, we may behavein stereotypical ways. For example, a man might be too competitive without the complementary feminine nurturing aspect.
☆ Few examples of Archetype in literature :
■ The hero:
He or is a character who predominantly exhibits Goodness, and struggles evil in order to restore harmony and justice to society. Example of hero include " Beowulf" , in the book" Beowulf" Hercules , in the book Hercules.
■ The mother Figure:
Such a character may be represented as a fairy god mother who guides and directs child , mother Earth, who contacts people and offers spiritual and emotional nourishment, or a stepmother who treats their step children poorly. Example of a mother figure include: Lucy and Madame Defarge from Charles Dickens ' A Tale of Two cities."
So i have understood what is critic do? And what is appropriate of the work? And Archetype in literature is very important.
Question:2 what is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of "physics to Nature and" criticism to literature " ?
Answer:
Frye discuss about the four season. Let's see this four season 《1》 spring
《2》 summer
《3》 Autums
《4》 Winter
So let see how this season compares with literature?
《1》 comedy (spring)
《2》 Romance (summer)
《3》 Tragedy (Autumn)
《4》 satire ( Winter)
Frye's theory of cycles and seasons was very interesting. Frye discovered a pattern that dwvloped among several works of literature. Writer were ysing different seasons for certain things.
Spring for comedy, summer was for romance, fall was fir tragedy, and winter was fir irony/satire.
● Spring : comedy
Frye uses"comedy" in the traditional sense of the wird. He does nit mean that funny things happen in the spring. He means that the gero starts at aliw points and ascends.
● Summer: Romance
During the summertime the protagonist goes on minor adventures and sometimes finds love. Occasionally, there will be a ritual death.
● Autumn: Tragedy
Again, Frye uses "tragedy" not to mean sadness, but instend to mean that the main character descend from the points. Where the story begin.
● Winter : Satire/ Irony
Frye claimed that the winter marked by content rather than structure, so it is difficult to give an example of exactly what happens. However the content during the winter time was often ironic or satirical. We can understand of nature of human being.
Question: 3 share your views of criticism as an organized body of knowledge mention relation of literature with history And philosophy.
Answer: About my opinion on criticism is organized body of knowledge. So history and literature is both Good for literature. Because history is very useful in literature. For example we can see history 's character like othello. So this character is repited in literature . And also philosophy is Good for literature. We are know about Aristotle 's view on philosophy. This both factor made by Good literature. And many of ideas growth in literature.
Question:4 Briefly explain inductive method illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene.
Answer: Northop Frye's view on inductive method and deductive method. So inductive method observation from particular to general . We can see the Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene
Question: 5 Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to .usic, painting, rhythm and pattern. Give example of the outcome of deductive method.
Answer: As we know about deductive method. It means forms of general particular. The music, painting, rhythm and pattern this all is arts. So when painter making by painting so we can understand what this picture say? So same like situation critic. Critic criticized the work .and then give the argument. This all connected with criticism.we can see this image and what we can understand this concept of tis image?
Question: 6 Refer to the indian seasonal grid (below) . If you can Please read small gujarati or hindi or English poem from the Archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.
Answer: "Four seasons" by Ceal Frances
The fields are rich with daffodils,
A coat of clover cloacks the kills,
And i must dance,and i must sing
To see the beauty of the spring.
The earth is warm, the sun's ablaze,
It is a time of carefree days,
And bees abuzz that chance to pass.
May see me snoozing in the grass.
The leaves are yellow, red, and brown,
A shower sprinkles softly down;
The air is fragrant, crisp, and cool,
And once again I'm stuck in school.
The birds are gone, the world is white,
The winds are wild, they chill and bite;
The ground is thick with slush and sleet,
And I can barely feel my feet.
The last is done, the next is here,
The same as ut is every year;
Spring - then sunshine out human snow,
That is hiw each year must go.
So this poem related to the season. And connected with literature.
I have included another blog Northop Frye ritual myth and the Archetypes of literature. Click here.
Thank you...
